Should Public Schooling Be Redefined Issue 2.6 Are Local...

EDUC 512 Issue 1.5 Should Public Schooling be Redefined? Issue 2.6 Are Local School Boards Obsolete? Marla Layton What is the role of public schools? Who should be governing public schools? This paper will address each side of these educational issues as well as offer a position statement and an action plan. Issue 1.5 Should Public Schooling be Redefined? Fredrick Hess- Pro Position †¢ A public school’s mission is to prepare students to be productive citizens (Koonce, 2015). †¢ Public schools routinely require private money from families for tuition and extracurricular activities, which makes them similar to private schools (Koonce, 2015). †¢ Pubic schools rarely hold to serving public purposes such as teaching about laws and the constitution and teach their own belief systems surrounding social issues such as â€Å"tolerance and diversity† (Koonce, 2015, p. 61). Hess objects to teaching about these ideals since they are too open to interpretation (Koonce, 2015). Linda Nathan, Ray Bacchetti Evans Clinchy- Con Position †¢ Linda Nathan states public school systems are open to the general public whereas private schools may select their students (Koonce, 2015). †¢ Ray Bacchetti believes public schools support conversations with differing viewpoints that further a student’s support for an ideal or challenges it (Koonce, 2015). †¢ Evans Clinchy contends that it is the role of public schools to remain solidly connected to the â€Å"will of the citizens of our local communities† (Koonce, 2015,Show MoreRelatedI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 Pagesvii viii 1 9 21 29 49 71 89 97 105 163 165 169 Annexure II : Annexure III : Annexure IV : Annexure V : Table of Contents iii List of Figures Figure 1.1 : Figure 1.2 : Figure 2.1 : Figure 2.2 : Figure 2.3 : Figure 2.4 : Figure 2.5 : Figure 2.6 : Figure 2.7 : Figure 2.8 : Figure 2.9 : Figure 2.10 : Figure 3.1 : Figure 3.2 : Figure 3.3 : Figure 3.4 : Figure 3.5 : Figure 4.1 : Figure 4.2 : Figure 4.3 : Figure 4.4 : Figure 4.5 : Figure 4.6 : Figure 4.7 : Figure 4.8 : Entrepreneurship Pyramid

`` Black Philadelphia `` By Leroy Berry - 848 Words

Leroy Berry grew up in â€Å"Black Philadelphia†Ã¢â‚¬â€a community where â€Å"structural inequalities and racism† creates â€Å"a unique Afro-American†¦subculture† (Lane 226). Growing up in â€Å"the streets† caused him to realize that he never wanted his kids to go through what he did, and he strived to get out. Due to the awful education system given to urban black youth, Leroy Berry realized he could not get out of the â€Å"hood† through his education alone and realized he had to excel in basketball to even attempt to leave. This migration up in society is a plight many black citizens face. â€Å"In the modern American economy†¦it has grown difficult, perhaps impossible, for any large block of citizens to move up as a group. And it is hard to predict whether all this will change in ways that improve the position of the nation’s impoverished blacks† (Lane 366). Leroy Berry didn’t believe he’d ever get out of the environment white America provided for black urban youth. â€Å"I grew up in a small house, filled to the brim—uncles, aunts, cousins, all lived there. I don’t even know how I got to be so tall! There was no room for me to grow,† Leroy explains. Housing in black neighborhoods are poorly built. After the migration to the North, â€Å"Philadelphia faced an avalanche of black migration†¦Everywhere in the urban North where poor blacks jammed into aged hovels and seedy flats emerged in the 1920s as urban blotch rife with deadening anomie and recognizable as the ‘dark ghetto’† (Baufman 311). ThisShow MoreRelatedVarian Solution153645 Words   |  615 Pagesyour budget line in the graph (c) If you spent all of your income on commodity 2, how much could you buy? below. x2 8 6 4 2 ,,,,,, ,,,,,, Line Blue ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, Red Line ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,,Black Shading ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, Black Line ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, Blue ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, Shading ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 4 6 8 x1 0 (d) Suppose that theRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesthe operation on someone else, not you. d. My bumper sticker asks, â€Å"Do you believe in love at first sight, or should I drive by again?†40 4. Identify all the conclusion indicators and premise indicators, if any, in the following passage: The Philadelphia company’s letter said they would place their call to us here in Los Angles at 2pm their time. They are in a time zone that is three hours east of us, therefore we should expect their call at 11am our time, but if they don’t call then let’s go

Report On Causes of Liquidation Of The Companies in the Recent Decade

Question: Describe about the Report on Causes of Liquidation of the Companies in the Recent Decade. Answer: Introduction The objective of every business is to flourish by growing continually, achieving the targets and expanding the business as far as possible. In order to make it possible, every organization tries its best by hiring best managerial personnel and providing them with all the resources needed to accomplish the goals (Dagwell, Wines, Lambert, 2007). However, it is well known that the business is surrounded by the uncertainties and thus, the circumstances may lead to shut down the business at any stage. The shutting down of business in case of a company is followed by the liquidation process. The process of liquidation involves legal steps taken to bring the legal existence of the company to an end. In most of the cases, it is observed that the business is shut down because of poor management of the resources (Van Bael Bellis, 2003). The mismanagement of the resources creates imbalance in the assets and liabilities, which is critical for the survival of a company. In case the mismanagement is continued for longer period of time, the liabilities would pile up, and the company will be pushed into liquidation due insolvency. Further, the unethical management practices and loopholes in the governance mechanism also are important factors to be considered in regard to liquidation (Faghfouri, 2012). In the recent years, many companies have been seen to be wounded up, the prominent reason for which seems to be the huge accumulation of debt and liabilities (Van Bael Bellis, 2003). In this context, in the current report, the reasons for liquidation of the companies in the recent years have been explored. Liquidation of ABC Learning ABC Learning was a company registered in Australia and engaged in the business of running childcare centers in Australia and New Zealand. The company was running its business smoothly for several past years and grown rapidly emerging as a giant in the childcare and education market (Corbi, 2011). In the year 2005, the company purchased Learning Care Group Inc of America, which was engaged in the similar line of business with more than 400 childcare centers (BusinessWire, 2005). Everything was going according to the plans, but suddenly, one day the directors of the company announced that the company is insolvent. In November 2008, the company resolved to file a petition before court for voluntary winding up, which was a big shock to the investors (Corbi, 2011). During the proceedings of wind up, it was discovered that the company was heavily burdened with debt as depicted from the gearing ratio of 2.03 times (McRober, 2009). Further, it was observed during the inquiry that the management manipulated the book of accounts to conceal the true picture of the state of affairs to the investors and creditors (McRober, 2009). Liquidation of HIH Insurance HIH Insurance Limited was a large size company having 17 controlled entities in the group at the time when the company went into liquidation. The HIH group as a whole occupied a large share in the market (Kehl, 2001). In the year 2001, the business of the company came to an end when the court approved the liquidation petition of the company. The balance sheet of the year 2000 showed a balance of total assets of $8 billion and liabilities of $7.1 billion, which depicts a critical condition of the state of affairs of the company. It was observed that HIH acquired FAI Insurance for $300 million in the year 1999, and since then the financial position of the company got deteriorated day by day (Kehl, 2001). It has been observed that the company posted decline in the net profits amounting to 39% immediately after the acquisition of FAI. Further, the defaulting directors of the company admitted later on that they expensed more than what was legitimately required in buying FAI (Kehl, 2001). Liquidation of One.Tel One.Tel, an Australian company, engaged in the telecommunication line, was declared to be insolvent by the auditors in the year 2001. The auditors found that the company was lacking cash and facing severe financial crunch since past few years (Monem, 2016). Further, in regard to the liquidation of One.Tel, It has been observed that the year 2000 happened to be the turning year for the company. In this year, the company expanded heavy money amounting to $523 million to purchase licenses for operations. Immediately after the purchase of licenses, the financial position of the company got damaged so badly that it reported huge operating loss amounting to $291 million (Monem, 2016). Further, it has been found that the management of the company was also negligent in discharging its duties, which also contributed to the winding up of the company. Analysis of the Findings The findings of various report of investigation conducted post liquidation of the companies reveal that the primary reason for collapse of the business was mismanagement in the company. For example, the report of the investigation conducted in respect of the HIH Insurance failure revealed that the management was negligent in discharging their duties. Further, the report also revealed that the management was involved in manipulating the financial statements of the company for anterior motives (Insurance Journal, 2003). The circumventions of the management of its authorities indicate unethical conduct of the management and the failure of the governance on the part of the company. The governance and ethics plays a vital role in the success and the survival of the business, thus, there must exists a strong governance mechanism in the companies (Rezaee, 2009). The failure of companies such as ABC Learning, HIH Insurance, and One.Tel are the examples where to the role of good corporate governance could be observed. From the finding of the liquidation of these companies, the root cause was observed to be the prevalence of the unethical practices. Therefore, it is necessary that the companies include an environment of ethics by maintaining high standards of corporate governance. A detailed inquiry into the causes of failure of HIH Insurance reveals that the company became incapable of discharging the liabilities due insufficiency of the funds. It has been found that the deterioration in the companys cash position was mainly due to impudent purchase of FAI Insurance at $300 million (Kehl, 2001). In this deal the directors of the company were involved in manipulations and the same was accepted by the directors later on. Due to this deal with FAI Insurance, the company overloaded with the liabilities and eventually went into liquidation. The reason declared for liquidation of the company was insolvency caused due to inability of the company to pay off the debt owed by it. The findings reveal that the company owed $7.10 billion debt in total against the total assets of $8 billion (Kehl, 2001). This implies that the approximately 90% of the assets of the company were financed through debt, which is miserable condition of any business. However, digging out deeper into the reasons for failure of HIH insurance, it has been found out that the major reason was lack of governance. The loopholes in the system in prevalence in the company and the regulatory environment both were responsible for the failure of HIH Insurance. Therefore, it could be articulated that though liabilities being excessive was the major factor that contributed in liquidation of HIH Insurance, but this accumulation of liabilities was due to the negligent management (Kehl, 2001). Further, it has been analyzed that the collapse of HIH Insurance affected the personal and domestic insurance business in the Australia adversely. Liquidation of business is not considered in favor of the society because it causes reduction in the national output and increases the unemployment (Kehl, 2001). Due to the closer of the established business, the employees get suddenly unemployed and production of the good and services is stopped. Particularly, the collapse of the company like HIH Insurance, which was operating at a large scale, has even more catastrophic effects on the society (Kehl, 2001). Another example of collapse of business due to inability to payoff liabilities is failure of ABC Learning. The analysis of the facts and findings in regard to the failure of ABC Learning depicts that the company accumulated debt way more than its capacity to pay off. The main reason for accumulation of debt was the acquisition of Learning Care Group Inc of America. After acquiring Learning Care Group Inc of America, the gearing ratio of the company went up to 2.03 times (McRober, 2009). The gearing ratio of 2.03 times depicts that the debt owed by the company is twice of its equity, which can be considered to be potential danger to the solvency of the company. Further, in respect of failure of ABC Learning, it has been analyzed that the management policies were also the major reason. The management of the company formed business model, which looked unsustainable (McRober, 2009). In this business model, the management provided for cutting cost in the areas where it was not needed. The cost cutting in this way resulted in deterioration in the quality of the services, which gradually affected the revenues of the company. Further, the managements expansion policies were also highly criticized and these were held to be one of the primary reasons for the collapse of the company (McRober, 2009). Another case of management failure on the part of planning and framing strategies for the business came out when the OneTel got liquidated. In respect of the collapse of OneTel, it has been analyzed that the main reason was the inefficient management (Elliott, 2010). The inefficiencies of the management were clearly visible in the imprudent decision of expansion taken by it. A year before the company went into liquidation, the management decided to purchase more licenses to enhance the scale of operations. For this purpose, the management expanded an amount of $523 million, which caused serious damages to the financial health of the company (Monem, 2016). Further, it has been observed that the management of the company did not pay the required attention to the cash position. The poor planning of management and non-standardization of the sales policies caused problems of cash, which ultimately dragged the company into liquidation (Elliott, 2010). The auditors of the company found the financial position of the company miserable and pointed out the management to have a thoughtful look over the cash position of the company. However, the inflexible business modeling and failure to set correct direction on the part of the management laid the company to wind up ultimately in the year 2001 (Monem, 2016). Conclusion and Recommendations The liquidation in respect of a company means end of the legal status of the company though statutory processes prescribed in the statues. The reason for liquidation could anything such as insolvency, bankruptcy, and members discretion, but it should be resorted to at last. This means that matter giving rise to liquidation should first be tried to be sorted out mutually by the company and the creditors and if this is not possible then the legal process of winding should be resorted. This is because the liquidation affects the society as a whole adversely. From the discussion carried in this report, it has been articulated that the major reason for the liquidation of the companies was insolvency and the insolvency was being cause due to negligent management. Further, the negligent management was the result of weak corporate governance and ethical environment within the companies. In strengthening the corporate governance, the regulators play a vital role, thus, the loopholes in the regulatory mechanism in Australia could also be said to have contributed in these liquidations of the companies. Therefore, In order to stop the unethical practices and the liquidations of the companies, following recommendations have been made: The regulatory reforms in the corporate sector are inevitable and thus, more stringent regulations for the companies in regard to reporting and disclosing the state of affairs should be made (Griff, 2014). The regulators must operate transparently emphasizing the adoption of more the ethical practices by the companies. The governance mechanism of the companies should also be restructured by appointing higher level committees and establishing the oversight board (Calder, 2008). References BusinessWire. 2005. Learning Care Group, Inc. Announces Proposed Acquisition by A.B.C. Learning Centres Limited. [Online]. Available at: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20051115006409/en/Learning-Care-Group-Announces-Proposed-Acquisition-A.B.C [Accessed on: 02 September 2016]. Calder, A. 2008. Corporate governance: a practical guide to the legal frameworks and international codes of practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Corbi, R.J. 2011. Chapter 15 Applies to Australian Liquidation. American Bankruptcy Institute Journal, XXX (2), 1-3. Dagwell, R., Wines, G.L., and Lambert, C. 2007. Corporate Accounting in Australia. UNSW Press. Elliott, T. 2010. One.Tel one big debacle. [Online]. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-11-20/28324 [Accessed on: 02 September 2016]. Faghfouri, P. 2012. The role of governance structure in the context of crisis management: an empirical analysis on a German sample of non-family and family businesses. Springer Science Business Media. Griff, M. 2014. Professional Accounting Essays and Assignments. Lulu Press, Inc. Insurance Journal. 2003. HIH Report Cites Mismanagement as Cause of Collapse. [Online]. Available at: https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/international/2003/04/21/28160.htm [Accessed on: 02 September 2016]. Kehl, D. 2001. HIH Insurance Group Collapse. [Online]. Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/archive/hihinsurance [Accessed on: 02 September 2016]. McRober, A. 2009. ABC Learning Centres Limited did the annual reports give enough warning? The FINSIA Journal of Applied Finance, 1(2009), 12-15. Monem, R. 2016. The One-Tel Collapse: Lessons for Corporate Governance. [Online]. Available at: https://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/handle/10072/42673/74746_1.pdf?sequence=1 [Accessed on: 02 September 2016]. Rezaee, Z. 2009. Corporate governance and ethics. John Wiley Sons. Van Bael Bellis. 2003. Business Law Guide to Belgium. Kluwer Law International.

Schopenhauer Essays - Philosophy, Kantianism, Idealists, Metaphysics

Schopenhauer Schopenhauer sought to understand and describe the world and the things of the world. Building off of the ideas of Plato, Descartes, and Kant, however doing away with the aspect of dualism in their theories, he developed the concept of Will and Representation. The world as Will according to Schopenhauer is all that exists for knowledge, only object in relation to subject, perception of a perceiver, in a word, idea. Everything in the world is a representation and everything one sees is a representation in ones mind. That which forces the Representation into being is the Will. In Schopenhauers doctrine of the thing-in-itself, or the Will, he proposes that experience is made up of subject and object. There is no object, (time and space, cause), without a subject (that which knows) and no subject without an object. In fact, to be an object for the subject and to be Representation are one in the same. Of these, the subject can never be known and knows everything that is knowable. Objects on the other hand are constructed by the activity of the intellect working upon sensations or bodily affections. Objects are constructed by the minds own activity out of sensations and at the same time are the result of natural and unknown forces. In our cognitive experience we never touch the real; things-in-themselves are not to be known on any terms by any intelligence. But in inner experience, in the consciousness of internal states we do come across something that is more than phenomenal; this is the will. The will has both an inner and an outer side, inner for immediate consciousness and outer for intelligence. The inner is the act of willing and the outer is bodily motion. These two are not different; they only appear in different ways. Will is the real thing, or thing-in-itself, its manifestations phenomena. Thus at the root of existence in all its varied forms there is Will supporting them, manifesting itself in them. Will is not phenomenal, not given in Representation, not in time or space, not individualized, and not subject to the law of casualty. The Will in itself lies beyond the sphere of space, time and casualty, because these are subjective forms which spring into being only when a brain has been evolved. It c an have no individuality, no distinction or difference, no end towards which it works. Similar to Kants noumena, will is a blind, incessant impulse, a thing in itself, that which exits independently of our own perceptions. It is an inner, consciousness of our own existence, our feelings and desires; Will is reality. In my reading of the article Schopenhauers Philosophy by Robert Adamson and Schopenhauers The World as Representation, some questions come to mind pertaining to how the Will comes to assume its definite forms. No proposition is more insisted on by Schopenhauer than that the production of any effect requires the concurrence of a primitive force and some occasioning cause which directs the force. Adamson raises the question that if the will must be acted upon by some cause before it could take definite form, where does this cause come from? The will is the all; there is nothing outside of it to determine its action in any direction. I agree with Adamson in saying the will has in itself no power of development to any definite result, and the Ideas or stages are nothing but the scholastic substantial forms, abstracted from individuals and given an identity. Philosophy

How does Shakespeare present Romeo’s character Essays

How does Shakespeare present Romeo’s character Essays How does Shakespeare present Romeo’s character Paper How does Shakespeare present Romeo’s character Paper Essay Topic: Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet are the children of the Capulet and the Montague, who are the chief family of Verona and have been enemies for years. Romeo and Juliet meet accidentally at a ball where they fall in love and gets married secretly. They are shown going through so many hurdles to succeed in their love and whether they succeed at the end or not is the story. Shakespeare has presented Romeo’s character in different shades through out the play. At the beginning of act 1 scene 5 Romeo is shown as a lover boy who is madly in love with Rosaline and is very upset for the fact that she doesn’t like him. This is when Benvolio, Romeo’s cousin persuades him to go to the ball which has been arranged by the Capulets. Benvolio is Romeo’s cousin and is also a very good friend of him. He always tries to do the right things and stay put of trouble. † I pray thee, good Mercutio, let’s retire: the day is hot, the Caples are abroad, and if we meet we shall not escape the brawl. Romeo sees Juliet for the first time at the ball, and forgets himself the moment he sets his eyes on her. He thinks she’s the most beautiful thing he’s ever seen â€Å"ine’er saw a true beauty till this night† and falls in love with her. This shows that Romeo doesn’t give a thought about what he’s doing and just rushes in to what ever his mind tells him to do. Romeo not only forgets himself but also throws words of poetry when he walks towards her to draw her attention to him. â€Å"O she doth teach the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night, as a rich jewel in an Ethiop’s ear beauty too rich for use, for earth to dear: So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows as yonder lady o’er her fellows shows. When Romeo and Juliet are departed, Romeo becomes very anxious in seeing her again. Romeo’s action and movements are overtaken by his love for Juliet which results in marriage with in twenty four hours. Romeo’s mood changes from sadness to happiness in a short amount of time. So far Romeo has been shown as a lover boy but in act 3 scene 1 is where you see other side of Romeo. Act 3 scene 1 is where Romeo’s best friend Mercutio is killed by Tybalt, Juliet’s cousin. Mercutio is a very lively person; he’s full of energy and is always making jokes or teasing someone. Even when he knows he’s dying he still makes jokes â€Å"ask for me tomorrow, and you shall find me a grave man†. Romeo gets very angry with Tybalt for killing Mercutio and kills him. This is where you begin to see Romeo’s dangerous side. He doesn’t think about what he’s doing he doesn’t think Juliet and the marriage either at that moment; all that’s in his mind is that his friend has been killed and he’s very furious about the fact that he let it happen. Shakespeare has portrayed Romeo in a very romantic and soft way through out act 1 scene 5 and has hidden the other side of Romeo. Romeo’s character is hidden by his love in these scenes. In these scenes Romeo’s character fails to understand that there is another world beyond love. His love for Juliet becomes stronger although both their families are enemies, this shows that Romeo is not afraid of the consequences that he is to face in near time. But in act 3 scene 1 Shakespeare has shown Romeo’s character in a much stronger way he has shown him as a person who is not afraid to fight to the death and is ready to do anything for his loved ones without thinking. So in these scenes Romeo has been shown as a lover boy, a strong person and also he’s been shown as a person who is not very steady with the decisions he seems to be making decisions without even thinking. Shakespeare also made the characters of Benvolio and Mercutio to represent Romeo’s character in a way Romeo is like Benvolio a very soft character and doesn’t want to get in to trouble and in some scenes he‘s making fun with his two best friends like Mercutio. If Romeo slowed down and thought about what he was doing he wouldn’t have got into so much trouble and he wouldn’t have missed his loves ones.

Precedent vs. Precedence

Precedent vs. Precedence Precedent vs. Precedence Precedent vs. Precedence By Maeve Maddox A passage in a newspaper article prompted this email from a reader: Im grimacing at a Virginia newspaper passage:the first paid event held at the commons area, which might set precedence for future events I assume the author is not saying that this might make the future events come first. Please discuss the difference between precedents and precedence. The similarity of pronunciation is perhaps one cause of confusion between precedents [PRES-ih-dents] and precedence [PRES-ih-dence], but the error also occurs with precedence and singular precedent. The words are closely related in origin and meaning. Among the meanings of Latin praecÄ“dÄ“ns are â€Å"a person who goes in front,† â€Å"a person who ranks above,† and â€Å"a prior event.† The noun precedence may have originated as an erroneous spelling of the plural of precedent, but it has acquired a distinct meaning of its own. Precedence means, â€Å"the fact of being above or ahead of another or others in order, rank, or importance.† A common idiom is â€Å"to take precedence,† meaning â€Å"to enjoy the right of preceding others in ceremonies and social formalities.† A site on diplomatic protocol for the country of Saint Lucia provides an example of this usage: The Prime Minister, like the Governor-General, as the Head of Government, is entitled to certain privileges and courtesies.   He/she has the right of precedence in all circumstances, except when the Governor-General is in attendance. Things as well as people may â€Å"take precedence† in the sense of being esteemed above something else. An example of this use occurs in a speech by a prime minister of Singapore: For a religious person, conscience and religious conviction take precedence over the laws of the state, but in a multi-religious society like ours, it becomes crucial to keep religion strictly separate from politics. A precedent is â€Å"a previous instance taken as an example or rule by which to be guided in similar cases or circumstances.† A common idiom is â€Å"to set a precedent.† In a legal context, a precedent is a judicial decision that constitutes an authoritative example for subsequent similar cases. For example: â€Å"Griswold v. Connecticut  served as an important precedent in the Roe v. Wade  decision.† Here, with corrections, are some typical errors in the use of precedence for precedent: INCORRECT: A court ruling expected soon- stemming from public access to pretrial information in the William Cruse murder case- may set a precedence in what can be reported in criminal cases before trials. CORRECT : A court ruling expected soon- stemming from public access to pretrial information in the William Cruse murder case- may set a precedent in what can be reported in criminal cases before trials. INCORRECT: If the studio achieves anywhere near the same amount of success theyve seen with Cinderella, which has grossed nearly $160 million since its  March 13 release, it may set a precedence for more live-action flicks to come. CORRECT : If the studio achieves anywhere near the same amount of success theyve seen with Cinderella, which has grossed nearly $160 million since its  March 13 release, it may set a precedent for more live-action flicks to come. INCORRECT: The Kyoto Protocol has set  a significant precedence  for climate target negotiations in the future, and particularly with respect to differentiation of targets between  countries. CORRECT : The Kyoto Protocol has set  a significant precedent for climate target negotiations in the future, and particularly with respect to differentiation of targets between  countries. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comparative Forms of Adjectives5 Brainstorming Strategies for WritersBail Out vs. Bale Out

Theoretical Bases of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theoretical Bases of Nursing - Essay Example Therefore, it is the requirement of acceptable theories to be flexible and dynamic enough to keep pace with the growth and changes in the discipline in clinical practice (Barnum, 1998. 15-37). Nursing is now considered to be a discipline of knowledge that includes an array of facts, concepts, and approaches to inquiry. The discipline of nursing is acknowledged also to be a community of scholars that includes nurses in all places where nursing takes place, and this is indeed scholarship in the sense that it shares commitment to values, concepts, and processes to guide the thought and work of the discipline. Consistent with thinking of nursing scholars about the discipline of nursing, is the idea that it needs nursing theories more than anything else. Moreover, professional clinical nursing today is just scholarship due to the fact that nursing works, now, on a unique and vast knowledge base that has matured through phases of development. Nursing as a professional practice science that is dedicated to the problem solving for human health issues, calls for scholars who are accountable for understanding these theories and conceptual frameworks to be able to utilize them in gu iding practice, research, education, and regulation (Chinn & Kramer, 1995, 27-48). Boyer's analysis of schol... Teaching, in his opinion is not simply a matter of dissemination and transmission of knowledge, but a form of scholarship. Therefore, it would involve transformation and extension of knowledge through the process of critical debates and an insistent examination, investigation, and challenge of both content and pedagogy. His assertion, that this could involve analysis of "various kinds of academic work, while also acknowledging" their dynamic interactions in order to form an independent whole would enable one to look at nursing scholarship in a broader context, allowing it to be seen and perceived as an interrelated whole with distinctive components that opens avenues for a varied approach to knowing (Boyer, 1996, 1-6). Boyer is one of the pioneers in the recent times, who assigned a meaning to scholarship, and proposed that there are four different categories of scholarship. The most familiar of them is the scholarship of discovery which is very intimately associated with original research. As expected, this form of scholarship would call for deeper comprehension of research processes and intense involvement with activities emanating from that comprehension. According to Boyer, there are four different categories of scholarship. The first and the foremost area of scholarship is that of discovery. The scholarship of discovery is intimately related to original research, and this demands activities that enhance a deeper understanding of the methodical aspects of the research processes. The deeper understanding of the research processes would tend to answer the discipline's pressing questions. This specific category calls for standards, significance of the research,

Literary analysis focusing one of the schools of criticism discussed Essay

Literary analysis focusing one of the schools of criticism discussed in class in relation to a selected film or television production - Essay Example However, the personal fight of Wallace, to be expounded later on, is intertwined with the social conditions presented. At the start of the film, King Edward I, a.k.a. Longshanks, of England has invaded the Scotland (Braveheart). Alongside this condition is the commission of treachery on the part of Longshanks who persecuted several people, including the parents of Wallace (Braveheart). However, Wallace survives and is taken to foreign land where he is educated through the aid of his uncle. However, Wallace will have a love affair with his childhood, who will be the cause of the strife in Scotland that will eventually led to a revolution. This will then divide the land into factions, which will engage in a fight to free Scotland from the grasps of the English conquerors. However, Wallace will die later on and someone will follow his footsteps, rebelling again to gain freedom from the rule of Englishmen. Robert, the Bruce, shall carry this on as the Scottish King. This is then a continuation of legacy. Aside from such continuation, there is a certain pedigree of dissent present from the instigators of the rebellion. It is unavoidable that bloodshed will happen but with a purpose. In this case, the most common thing that can be seen is opposing forces: binaries of some sort. The Englishmen are the ones considered as oppressors since they are the ones who have the power to conquer lands and dominate people. On the other hand, the Scottish people are the ones who appear as the oppressed in the film due to the subjugation made by the Englishmen. The abuses and killings made signify the injustice and abuses perpetuated as it appeared on the film. However, it can be considered that the representations of the film are not accurate and purely referential to history, which is not totally clear about the message it wants (De Man 184). Thus, the film

Leadership and Organization Behavior Essay Example for Free

Leadership and Organization Behavior Essay There are many business organizations that are started on various occasions, but only a few turn out to be successful organizations. The success or failure of an organization can mostly be associated with leadership. Leaders make a very big impact in the organization. The importance of leadership is recognized when the organization is going through some moments like crisis or serious changes, depending on how the issue will be handled. We can not just assume that leadership in the organization is shown at the top management, but even to the lower levels in the organization. Despite the importance of leadership, there has been no agreement on the definition of leadership in the organization. However, leadership can be defined as a means used to coarse people in the organization, without applying force, to work towards the attainment of the organizational goals, by motivating them. Non coercive method implies the leaders should make the people to follow them on a voluntary basis (Glasser, 2008). A leader influences a particular group to work towards achieving particular goals. Leadership does not depend on a formal authority or the title, but rather they carry out their tasks by applying leadership attributes such as; values, believes, knowledge, character, ethic and skills. The position of a manager, supervisor, leader etc give them the authority to accomplish certain goals and tasks in the organization, the power of manager lead or supervisor to accomplish organization goals does not make them leaders but simply they make themselves bosses. Leadership makes the followers want to make higher goals. Selfless services and honorable characters to the organization form the basis of good leadership. Respected leaders concentrate on what they know (such as jobs tasks and human nature), what they are (such as character and believes) and what they do (such as motivating implementing and providing directions. ). The qualities of a leader influence the followers to follow him. Followers want to be guided by the people whom they respect and have clear sense of directions. Leaders must be ethical in order to gain respect from their followers. Sense of directions among the leaders is achieved through conveying a strong vision of future (Glasser, 2008). Employee satisfaction in an organization can be predicted by the level of confidence and trust in the top leadership and effective communication. Effective communication helps to win organization confidence and trust which occurs through making the employees to become aware and understand the overall strategies of the organization, assisting the employees understand their roles which can contribute to the achievement of organizational goals and objectives and the information sharing between the employees and the leaders on how the organization is performing and how their departments are doing relative to the strategic goals of the organization. Therefore a leader must be able to communicate the vision of the organization and must be trustworthy. Good leaders need to concentrate the three attributes of leadership i. e. what they are, what they know and what they do. These attributes can be achieved by following the leadership principles. According to principles of leadership a leader is supposed to know himself and seek room for self improvement. A leader can know himself if he understands the principles of leadership. Seeking room for self improvement means that the leaders have to continuously strengthen their attributes. This can be achieved through interaction with others, reflection, self study and formal classes. Secondly the leaders must be technically proficient. Leaders are required to have a solid familiarity with their follower’s tasks and know their job (Nelson Quick, 2007). Leaders must seek and take responsibilities of their action. They must such ways in which to guide their organization to achieve new heights. When things in the organization goes wrong leaders are not supposed to blame their followers or their fellow leaders but rather they should analyze the situation and come up with corrective response and be prepared to move into the next challenge. Leaders should make timely and sound decisions by use of good strategies of decision making solving problems and planning tools. Good leaders should set good role models by setting examples to others. They must see what they are expected to do not only hearing the changes they want to see. Leaders should know their people and care for their well being. They should know the human nature and take the responsibility for caring for their followers. Leaders are supposed to establish good communication with their followers. Communicating is a key responsibility in making sure that tasks are accomplished, supervised and understood. Team building and development of team spirit assist the leaders in employing their sections, organization, department etc to their fullest capabilities. Leaders should have an honest understanding of leadership attributes. They must also understand that determination of whether a leader is successful or not lies on the followers and not upon themselves. Followers are likely to get inspired if they lack confidence or trust in their leaders. Leaders are supposed to convince and set good example to their followers in order to become successful and be followed. Leaders lead through a two way communication between them and their followers sometimes communication between these two parties is non verbal. An example is when a leader sets a good example to the follower. The leader in this case does not necessarily require asking the follower on what to do about what himself is not willing to do. The way and how the leaders communicate with their followers improve or harm the relationship between them. Leaders are supposed to understand their followers in order to apply their leadership skills different followers would require different leadership styles. This means that a new employee may require more guidance and supervision than an experienced one. Also non motivated workers would require more motivation than motivated workers. Therefore the leader must understand the human nature through establishing the follower’s emotions, motivation and needs. Leader’s requiring to develop strategies on the possible cause of action for different situations (Nelson Quick, 2007). The success of any leadership is determined in the degree in which the leaders are able to motivate the others. Motivation among the employees leads to work satisfaction. An organization may incur big losses if it looses its employees and therefore the key function of the leaders and the managers should be motivating the right people to remain and join the organization. Motivation directly affects the out put of an organization and this concerns both the quality and the quantity. The leaders and managers therefore need to understand how to motivate the followers according to the roles they play (Miner, 2005). The survival of an organization is determined by the motivation of the employees. On the other hand reinforcement focuses on the maintenance of motivation. The basic assumption in motivation are that the positive behavior among the followers that resulted to rewarding will be repeated and therefore negative behavior that resulted to negative consequences are less likely to be repeated. Certain behavior can be intensified and strengthened through reinforcement. Rewards and punishment are applied depending on whether certain behaviors occurred or did not occur. The role of the leaders is to strengthen the positive behavior through reinforcement (Miner, 2005). The employees and the leaders working in an organization have different characteristics. Leaders must learn how to manage the employee in their organization. The leadership skills that are acquired in schools are not sufficient to lead and manage the employees. Therefore training is important in order to ensure that individual objectives are aligned with organization objectives. To achieve this skills and knowledge are imparted to individuals. Goal setting on the other hand helps in defining the organization, give the direction to be followed and avoid chaos. Setting of organizational goals can help the leaders to motivate the employees by communicating what the organization have planned to achieve and through providing basis for recognition, success and achievements (Nelson Quick, 2007). Goal setting helps in effectiveness of recruiting the followers. Team building results to many potential benefits which include; consensus building brain storming, looking at the problem from different perspective, trial and error, expert knowledge etc. employees are more encouraged to bring their work at the conference table and therefore they are likely to work harder. Leaders must ensure that there is an attitude of respect and tolerance for the ideas of the team member in the organization culture. The employees feel free in sharing their ideas with the team members when they help each other to succeed. Effective leadership helps in the success of the organizations. If there is no good leadership the organization may move too slow, become stagnant or even loose their direction. Timely decision making ensures that the running of organization is going on well. Leaders must ensure that decision making are correct, complete and involves all the stakeholders for the success of the organization (Nelson Quick, 2007).

Virtual Reality :: essays research papers

Virtual Reality Virtual reality as of recent, while still extremely new, has become the topic of many opposing viewpoints. It has caught the eye of the general public for several reasons. Perhaps, this is mainly because of all the possibilities which virtual reality creates. Note that the possibilities are not pre- determined as either good or bad, mainly because there are many different opinions to the future of this developing technology. However, despite the controversy this new technology has aroused, society should not remain skeptical. Virtual reality has the potential, if used correctly, to become a great technological advancement that will aid society in many ways. In the past, virtual reality has been nothing more than a small step beyond video games. However, it is now apparent that this technology can be used for more practical purposes. These purposes include national defense, surgical procedures and various other applications. Society has not fully acknowledged the benefits of virtual reality as of yet because it is still under development. The reason for virtual reality remaining in its development for so long is mainly due to its complexity. The hardware that has developed so far is unable to make the large calculations required by a virtual reality based machine. However, as apparent in recent years, technology is advancing at an extreme rate. This is another reason why society's hopes for virtual reality should and have remained unwaivered. In Orenstein's story, she gives the perspective of the average citizen who is obviously uncertain about the uses and/or affects that virtual reality will have upon society. The show she attended was quick to point out the practicality of virtual reality however, it still left much to be desired. It seems that Orenstein was disgruntled when she came to an exhibit and the topic of cyber-sex was raised. Perhaps it wasn't just that it came up but more like how it came up. The idea of a man and woman being in a virtual world and a man fondling the womans breasts was probably, although very much possible, not a great first impression. It gave Orenstein the opportunity to explore the evils that virtual reality makes possible. After a while, Orenstein realizes that just like the computing age has hackers, the virtual age will have it's own high-tech delinquents. You can't prevent technology from being abused. There will be those who use VR rudely, stupidly, dangerously--just as they do the telephone or computer. Like the telephone and the modem, its popular rise will also eliminate the need for certain fundamental kinds of human contact, even as it enhances our ability to communicate. (Orenstein 258)

The Effect of the Cold War on Stem Education

The Effect of the Cold War Arm’s Race on STEM Occupations during the Cold War Ketib Oldiais Mr. Kelley IB Asian and European History HL 00450- A. Plan of Investigation 5 marks During the Cold War, the struggle for power between the communists of Soviet Russia and the pro-democracy politicians of the United States escalated in numerous proxy wars, acts of espionage, and potential nuclear warfare. Behind it all however, the Cold War was a breeding ground for competition in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.From the 1960s, upon the spark of the Space Race with the Soviet Launch of Sputnik, to the 1990s with the reunion of East and West Germany, the Cold War was a period of increase in occupations related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Using statistical data during the Cold War’s time frame related to this increase, we can ask the question—to what extent did the Cold War effect the number of occupations related to science, technology, engineering and mathematics?Answering such a question will provide us with the necessary details in understanding why and how the increase of such occupations occurred specifically during the Cold War compared to other historical eras. For the sake of keeping this research paper within the word count limit, the term â€Å"science, technology, engineering, and mathematics†, will be shortened to STEM. The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which STEM related variables of the Cold War such as the space race, acts of espionage, proxy wars, as well as the improvement of military weapons, affected the statistics regarding STEM related occupations at the time.To achieve the purpose of providing an answer to the research question, I will utilize statistical data from before, during, and after the Cold War. This data will be presented in such a way that they may be compared to each other, providing the understanding that there was indeed an increase and decrease of such STEM related occupations. After establishing this, such fluctuations in statistical data will be attributed to Cold War events at the time of the fluctuation. A large proportion of the statistical data utilized will be from government statistical agencies and university polls.By achieving my purpose, the reader may come to understand the role STEM related variables and occupations in global affairs, and the extent to which they effect B. Summary of Evidence 4 marks Throughout much of the Cold War, competition between pro-Democracy countries and their Communist counterparts was tense. The Soviets and their proxies were determined to expand their influence, the United States was just as determined to stop them. STEM related resources were almost always credited with decisive victories, whether in espionage or wartime.Science and technology, as Daniel Yankovich, a social scientist from Harvard University had once stated, â€Å"were almost universally credited wit h a decisive role in gaining victory in war, prosperity in peace, enhancing national security, improving our health, and enriching the quality of life†. Throughout much of the 1950s, the United States felt, and appeared, as though it had the upper hand and prowess in STEM related fields. This was still the mind set throughout the decade, even with the introduction of Soviet made nuclear bombs.By 1957 however, America had been beaten to the space race. With the launch of the Soviet Sputnik, America’s comfort in the idea that they were the leaders of this particular field was shattered. Quick on its feet, the United States immediately began pushing effort for a larger STEM taskforce. Congress began focusing in on funding the American education system, and the result was a huge growth in STEM related occupations. By the 1980s, there were approximately 2. 5 million employees in STEM related fields (National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2008, Figure 3-1) .This increase in public interest in the STEM related fields, both on the local public and national level, was very clearly a product of the rivalry between the Soviet Union and America. Both sides clearly understood the power of having the best possible weaponry, something that could only be attained with the brightest minds. Gone were the days were having the most men would win the battle; the Cold War was an era of scientific and technological progress. Even in the American education system, trends in doctorate degrees were evident enough of the public’s enthusiasm in participating in a new, fruitful field.From 1971 to 1985, the number of engineering and engineering technology master’s and doctorate degrees increased from 16,443 to 21,555 degrees. (National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2008, Figure 3-1). It is very evident that the American people were just as concerned about national security and patriotism at the time than the politicians were . From 1950, there were less than approximately 500,000 STEM employees. By 1960, this figure had increased to approximately 1. 25 million, by 1970 at least 1. 75 million, and by 1980 about 2. million ((National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2008, Figure 3-1). (Refer to appendix 1 for a more accurate line graph of this trend. ) It is important to note however, that all these growth spurts were sparked by the technological, scientific, engineering, and mathematical advancements that both the Soviet Union and the United States accomplished. It was during the Cold War that atomic energy, the most powerful energy that could possibly be harnessed with the technology at the time, came under heavy research.Both Soviet and American physicists and engineers strived to construct powerful atomic bombs. The soviets went on to construct an even more powerful bomb, the hydrogen bomb, and even detonated the most powerful hydrogen bomb in history, the AN602 HB â€Å"Tsar Bombaâ €  in 1961. (Gerovitch: ‘Mathematical Machines’ of the Cold War: Soviet Computing, American Cybernetics and Ideological Disputes in the Early 1950s page 54)The bomb triggered even more efforts by the United States in improving their aerospace, aeronautical, and national security fields.The internet also came into being in the early 1970s, originally intended as a security network in keeping classified nuclear codes top secret. Satellite technology was also at its peak during the Cold War, the USSR having sent the Sputnik in 1957, and America’s Explorer 1 the following year. It was also during the Cold War that the United States sent the first man onto the man, Neil Armstrong, on July 20, 1969. (Gerovitch: ‘Mathematical Machines’ of the Cold War: Soviet Computing, American Cybernetics and Ideological Disputes in the Early 1950s page 53)It is not a coincidence that the increasing STEM occupation trend during the Cold War occurred at the height of th e â€Å"cold† conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union. The two were rival powers, both competing ideologically, and ultimately, in engineering, science, technology, and math. This competition resulted in huge advances in the STEM fields, many of which still hold a great deal of impact today, such as nuclear weaponry, satellite technology, espionage, and space travel.This research study will aim at answering the question, to what extent did the Cold War effect the number of occupations related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics? By answering this question, you, as the reader, may come to understand the implications the Cold War had on STEM occupations at the time, as well as the value STEM occupations held in shaping what the Cold War was and ultimately, the present day. C. Evaluation of Sources 3 marks Researching this topic, I utilized a number of resources.Of all my resources, I relied greatly on the American National Science Board’s Science and Engineering Indicators, 2008 document, which provided statistics on the growth of STEM related occupations from 1950 until 2000. There were a number of other resources I could rely on, but I felt that this gave the most accurate and credible description of the Cold War effect on STEM fields through a critical, statistical analysis. The resource itself is held credible through the fact that the National Science Board is the single government organization that represents the broad U. S. cience and engineering community. The members of this board are appointed by the President of the United States of America, and are approved by the Senate. The statistics presented in the document, Science and Engineering Indicators, 2008, utilized for this particular Internal Assessment is an accumulation of statistical surveys conducted from 1950 until 2000. Another resource that I found extremely useful in producing an accurate portrait for analysis was ‘Mathematical Machines†™ of the Cold War: Soviet Computing, American Cybernetics and Ideological Disputes in the Early 1950s by MIT’s Slava Gerovitch.The document explored an interesting phenomenon, the effect of the Cold War on scientific, technological, engineering, and mathematical growth, from two different sides—the U. S. A. , and the U. S. S. R.. Gerovitch’s document carefully explores the application of STEM products from both sides of the Cold War, analyzing such applications from both the Soviet and American perspective. The statistics mentioned in this Internal Assessment can all be found in the appendix, all of which are derived from the American National Science Board’s Science and Engineering Indicators, 2008 statistics document.The resources utilized in this research paper are credible, coming from both government agencies as well as research done by professors from top tier American universities. It is important to note that statistics can only go so far in pro ving the answer to the research question I have presented. Given the fact that it is not difficult to fabricate such numbers, I understand that there is a limitation of the scope of this research, whose parameters are set specifically at establishing a relation between a statistical increase of STEM occupations and Cold War tension.In order to fully understand the scope, content, and limitations of this Internal Assessment, one must assume that all forms of statistical data and historical documents utilized as resources, are in fact, true and credible forms of data. D. Analysis 6 marks The Cold War definitely affected the rate at which STEM related occupations grew from the 1950s to the mid 1990s. Growth of STEM related occupations was merely a symptom of the tension between the United States and the USSR.Both the United States and the USSR were competing for the position as the head technological global power, a position that at the time was, and still is, a symbol of national secu rity and foreign dominance. As Paul Josephson, a Soviet technological historian, noted in his research, the more Stalin demanded a ‘great transformation of nature’ the more industrial and technological research projects ensued. Despite the fact that the statistics did indeed show a growth of nearly 6. 5% from the 1950s to the mid 1990s, it is important to note the environment at which STEM related occupations grew.Although both competitors, the United States and the USSR both demanded an increase in high tech defense systems, some forms of STEM related research were deemed â€Å"unnecessary† to the cause, and as a result, were left unfunded. The lack of funds literally suppressed such research. As Slava Gerovitch puts it, campaigns against such research â€Å"destroyed personal careers and closed whole areas of research; in a number of disciplines, the most dogmatic of trends prevailed, imposing narrow conceptual frameworks and stifling creative thought. It is i nterpretations of historians such as Slava Gerovitch that it is important to understand that, although the demand for STEM related research was great, it was limited to STEM related research that fit the goals of the two competitors. Physiology, medicine, cybernetics, and genetics, for example, were suppressed during Stalin’s reign, fields that were deemed to idealistic and too Western. Genetics, for example, was labeled a â€Å"whore of capitalism† by Soviet ideologists.It was these STEM fields, fields that were far too close to clashing with Soviet political ideology, that STEM related research did not grow. The Soviet Union wanted to â€Å"surpass† Western research, not â€Å"criticize† it. Fields such as physiology, cybernetics, and genetics, were far too ideologically charged, meaning they invoked some level of philosophical, ethical, and political clash, and had very little to do with technological prowess at the time. Fields such as physics, inform ation technology systems, mathematics, and physical engineering were the most desired.Physics brought the USSR their first atomic bomb as well as their, and the world’s, first man in low earth orbit, information technology systems brought the soviet MESM, the first operating stored program computer in continental Europe, and engineering brought the construction of Soviet missiles and Nuclear submarines. All these fields and their products were â€Å"appealing† to the Soviet administration and its ideologists, specifically because they flourished even under a totalitarian system, and gave power to the Soviet Union during the Cold War’s arms race.The growth in the United States had a similar characteristic with that of the USSR. Within STEM growth, the life science fields (biology, genetics, etc. ) grew the least. This characteristic however, resulted from lack of interest in the field, unlike the Soviet Union’s deliberate banning of such fields. This lack of interest was a direct of product of the lack of funding. Federal and military funding during the Cold War was primarily aimed at the physical science fields (physics, chemistry, technology, physical engineering, etc. , as they were the forms of measurement in global power. It was because of this lack of funding that the United States public lost interest. From a practical point of view, it is a logical conclusion to make, given the economic conditions of the time. Physical sciences were where the most attainable and lucrative forms of income existed, and it was only natural for the average American to head into a financially attractive field.As a conclusive analysis, it is not difficult to recognize that both the United States and the USSR experienced remarkable growth in STEM related occupations as a result of their competitive nature in the arm’s race during the Cold War. The term â€Å"STEM† encompasses fields ranging from the most technical of fields as nuclear physics all the way down to the most ideologically and philosophically charged fields as biology. As a result, to answer the question, â€Å"To what extent did the Cold War affect the growth of STEM related occupations? one must interpret the whole definition of the term STEM, recognize its parameters, and understand that even with the growth of STEM related occupations, there was a slower, declined, or even non-existent, growth in politically charged and â€Å"uninteresting† fields such as that of the life sciences, whether politically induced or because of lack of interest. E. Conclusion 2 marks In conclusion, the statistics presented by the National Science Foundation of the United States clearly shows an increase in STEM related occupations from the 1950s to the mid 1990s.Occupations that experienced the most dramatic increase included physicists, and engineers. Upon the introduction of computers and other computational tools, mathematics and information technology syste ms also experienced an increase. Based on when these increasing trends occurred, and other events that occurred along those times, it is not difficult to see a correlation between the positive growth trends and the tense, competitive events that occurred between the USSR and the United States.From nuclear bombs, the space race, and computational and information technologies, the USSR and the United States competed against each other to gain the position as the leading global power. And given the nature of the competition, the only method of attaining such a position was to have the top scientists, engineers, mathematicians, and information technology specialists. With a sudden demand for such occupations, STEM occupations, it was inevitable for an increase to occur. But one must also be aware that with great demand for certain STEM occupations came a great level of ignorance for others.Biology and genetics for example, experienced the least growth. Such was the case in the United St ates and the USSR, although the circumstances leading up to the phenomenon were very different. Biology and genetics did not thrive in the United States for inadequate funding and lack of public interest, while the same situation held true in the USSR due to their overtly philosophically and politically charged nature. As a result, to answer the question, â€Å"To what extent did the cold war effect the number of STEM occupations from the 1950s to the 1990s? , one must understand that although the Cold War did increase the amount of STEM occupations, it also brought upon a certain level of negligence towards other fields, such as biology and genetics. But even more important than answering the question, the implications of this study are clear—that STEM related occupations effect the world to a very high degree. The course of the Cold War was literally paved by these STEM occupations, and even in the real world today, STEM occupations shape world affairs. Everything from a l aptop to an atomic bomb, are all products of STEM occupations.As a result, it is important that we understand that the scope of this internal assessment is not merely limited to answering the core question of this internal assessment, but to assess the degree to which STEM related occupations play in world affairs, both in the past and present. F. Sources and Word Limit 3 marks Websites â€Å"The Cold War and the Early Space Race, an Article from History in Focus. †Ã‚  Institute of Historical Research | The National Centre for History. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. . This resource gave me a very general idea of the impact the Cold War had on the space race that occurred between the United States and the Soviet Union. It did not give me very specific details such as statistics, but it did give me general parameters of the research I was going to be working with. â€Å"Engineering: Underground Cold War – TIME. †Ã‚  Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video , Tech Reviews – TIME. com. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. . * On this website, a more indebt account on the role engineering played in the cold war was defined.What the first website offered, this gave a more accurate portrayal. The parameters of the research were much more clearly defined in this article. â€Å"Top Ed-Tech Trends of 2011: STEM Education's Sputnik Moment. †Ã‚  Hack Education. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. . * This website gave me a defined view of the role education played in the Cold War. The 2nd website noted the role of education as a determining factor in the trends regarding engineering, and this article provided me the opportunity to look at the bigger picture of education.Viswanathan, Vidya B. â€Å"Cold War Conflict Prompted Education Arms Race | News | The Harvard Crimson. †Ã‚  Harvard News | The Harvard Crimson. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. . * I would not say that this article was extremely crucial to the investigation, but the technical writing involved in presenti ng its topic, which is very closely related to mine, gave me some ideas on the lexicon and syntax my investigation should be presented as. Measurement and Statistics on Science and Technology: 1920 to the Present – Benoit Godin. †Ã‚  Google Books. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. ;http://books. google. com/books? id=ojC8o0YKZFcC;. * This article was useful in the sense that it provided some very useful statistics regarding STEM research from 1920 until 2000. Given the fact that my investigation relies very heavily on statistics, this website/online book, proved very useful. â€Å"How the Cold War Was Won  « Engineering Radio. †Ã‚  Engineering Radio. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. ;http://www. engineeringradio. us/blog/2010/10/how-the-cold-war-was-won/;. This website offered a podcast by a group of engineers discussing the Cold War and the role engineering played. It is definitely interesting to see the topic from an engineer’s standpoint. â€Å"Pioneering Rocket Engineer Develop ed Cold War Missiles, Competed in X PRIZE | UTSanDiego. com. †Ã‚  San Diego News, Local, California and National News | UTSanDiego. com. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. ;http://www. utsandiego. com/news/2010/oct/08/pioneering-rocket-engineer-developed-cold-war/;. * This website provided examples Cold War technologies that essentially promoted the â€Å"coldness† of the Cold War.Some of the examples provided were explored and mentioned in my investigation when addressing the factors of defining the â€Å"coldness† of the Cold War. NebraskaStudies. Org. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. ;http://www. nebraskastudies. org/0900/frameset_reset. html? http://www. nebraskastudies. org/0900/stories/0901_0105. html;. * I would not say that this resource was extremely crucial to the investigation, but it did give me insight as to how the American public viewed the importance of engineering and other STEM related fields during the Cold War.Books/Documents Hamblin, Jacob Darwin. â€Å"Arming Mother Nat ure: How Modern Science and the Cold War Gave Birth to Catastrophic Environmentalism. † Diss. 2011. Web. * This document gave examples of the implications Cold War technology had on society, and overall, the friction between the Soviets and the Americans, as well as the implications placed upon proxy nations used between the two both in the past and in the present day. Imhotep, Edward Jones. â€Å"Disciplining Technology: Electronic Reliability, Cold-War Military Culture and the Topside Ionogram. † Diss.Harvard University, 2000. Harvard Department of History of Science. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. * Dr. Imhotep of Harvard wrote this document on how technological advancements were â€Å"disciplined† or utilized, during the Cold War. The level of social/scientific analysis in this paper definitely provided me ideas on how to address the more negative side of technological advancement. Bernard, William J. , and James Glanz. â€Å"Does Science Matter? † Editorial. New York Times  11 Nov. 2003. New York Times. New York Times, 11 Nov. 2003. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. ;www. newyorktimes. com;. This article is exactly what it title says, it aims to answer the question, â€Å"Does Science Matter? †. It attempts to answer this question through the implications science had on the Cold War, and ultimately daily American life. As of now, I have not found use for the information and ideas I have obtained from this article, but it definitely does give me some idea on the direction my conclusion should be pointing towards. Olwell, Russell. â€Å"Physics and Politics in Cold War America: The Two Exiles of David Bohm. † Diss. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993.Program in Science, Technology, and Society, MIT. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. * This long essay, written by Russel Olwell, gave me a very detailed picture of the relationship held between physicists and American politicians. Understanding this relationship is key to my investigation, as it is thi s relationship that sort of glues all the other factors together. Gerovitch, Slava. ‘Mathematical Machines’ of the Cold War: Soviet Computing, American Cybernetics and Ideological Disputes in the Early 1950s. Cambridge: Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology, 1990. MIT. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. This document gave me a very detailed, and personal account, of the advancements the Soviets accomplished in the STEM fields, and how these advancements served as the precursor to American attempts at their own advancements. Rappert, Brian, Brian Balmer, and John Stone. â€Å"Science, Technology, and the Military: Priorities, Preoccupations, and Possibilities. † Diss. University College London, 2008. University College London. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. * This final document gave a very analytical standpoint on how science, technology, and the military shared certain, specific goals and restrictions.

Junior College English Class Essay Essay

Poetry is basically the absolving of narrative from a subjective stance. The essence of good and meaningful poetry lies not just in the perfection of form, but also in the manner by which the theme is expressed at large. T. S. Eliot rejects the ambivalence commonly associated with poetry and speaks of it as being a transparent and meaningful medium of the poet’s subjectivity (Raine 122). But not all poems carry a strictly subjective expression in that numerous factors often belie the poet’s spontaneity and freedom of expression. The term ‘hegemony’ typically involves the phenomenon of getting institutionalized. In other words, it is the cultural hegemony of beliefs and conventionality that sometimes influences the society in a restricted way, causing it to pronounce misplaced ideologies the society thrusts upon its dwellers. This paper is going to focus on two modern poems for identifying the hegemonic elements in them. To analyze the rules of hegemony in works of literature, we have taken Dancing in Odessa by Ilya Kaminsky and A Song on the End of the World by Czeslaw Milosz. It is imperative that a certain amount of background researching is made into the aforementioned poems to swiftly bring out the hegemonic components in them, if any. Written by a Soviet emigrant to the United States of America, Dancing in Odessa tells a story of forlornness and despair. The poet Ilya Kaminsky looks back at the memories of a tormented childhood from the recesses of his powerful imagination, and documents them meticulously in the book. However, the poet’s authority or lack of it, over a foreign language like English does not take away the passionate rendering we enjoy in Dancing in Odessa. The creative force is articulated by repeating images and phrases – a poetic trend more common to the Victorian times. Such a method also highlights the ingenuity of art in terms of its realistic expressions and sometimes, tragic visions. The frequent imagery which haunts the poet is that of his previous dwelling place which he had to forsake in the beginning of the 1990s. Frequent references to the Russian city of Odessa in this lyrical masterpiece resonate with dark and somber moods typical of postmodern anguish. The narration is literally disrobed of excesses, thus allowing the readers to attain a position of first person viewers. The use of metaphors is sporadic and therefore, has an impressionistic sense of coherence. Now in relation to the thesis question, Dancing in Odessa can be interpreted as being a product of the cultural dominance of a changed society having a significant amount of hegemonic impact on the intellectual expressions of its time. Kaminsky family’s migration to the United States of America as political refugees left in the poet’s mind a profound sense of yearning for the city of Odessa and its myriad memories. The change of guards in terms of the social, political, administrative, religious and cultural controls had a radically shifting influence for the newly migrated segments in the US society. Almost a collage of imageries merges into each other in the poem to form a continuous loop of expressions suited to bring out the occasional allegories. It is apparent after reading the poem that the poet’s vision is shaped by the erstwhile social superstructure in Russia: â€Å"The German tanks on tractors,†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kaminsky 12). Just as Kaminsky creates a crossbreed of forms and patterns in Dancing in Odessa, Czeslaw Milosz in A Song on the End of the World draws on from his personal experiences and pantheistic beliefs to paint a picture of universality. All the imageries used in this narrative provide a familiar yet ethereal representation of nature and its relationship with mankind. In this sense, this poem almost antecedes many of the earlier works of art, especially that of William Wordsworth. The richly meditative mood of the poem is captured perfectly by repeated lines that almost sound like a sacred hymn. As far as intellectual hegemony is concerned, it is the Christian convictions of the poet that urge him to muse over the outputs of life within a continuous cosmic framework. The fact that the constancy of nature is complemented by the routine course of our everyday lives goes to show how transcendence creates a sense of dilution. A strict adherence to the established rules of the society which we live in is unlikely to let us contemplate on an existence which is essentially evil and diabolic. So the poet advertently dismisses the evil influences working behind the impending end of the world by voicing his poignant Christian beliefs: â€Å"As long as the sun and the moon are above, As long as the bumblebee visits a rose As long as rosy infants are born No one believes it is happening now. † (Peakdesign, 2009) One of the striking aspects about Milosz’s craft is his ability to look beyond the petty problems of the temporal existence. This is evident in A Song on the End of the World which converges beyond the borderline of transient existence of being. The omnipotent Creator and His creations become unified as and when the end nears. This theological argument perfectly justifies the dichotomy between the songs of experience and that of innocence (Nathan and Quinn 22). Since both these two texts belong to contemporary times marked by lack of faith and tolerance in general and realism, it is quite obvious that they ought to accrue to certain social and intellectual rationales. So the thesis argument is met with in terms of finding plausible hegemonic correlatives in the works of Ilya Kaminsky and Czeslaw Milosz. What still remains to be seen, however, is the ensuing literature that is undoubtedly capable of producing more such heartrending documentations of life.

Nisa essay essays

Nisa essay essays For Westerners, especially Americans, comprehending and appreciating a culture almost completely opposite their own is a large challenge. Majorie Shostak wanted to paint a portrait of the !Kung Bushman of Africa so that her readers could gain the same understanding of their people as she had by living with them. As an artist would, she went to see and experience the !Kung lifestyle in person. You cant paint a true representation of a landscape from a picture or description of it, you have to be there and absorb it first hand. One of the more difficult aspects of African tribal culture to understand is often the role of women. Gender roles in family life, marriage, and daily responsibilities sharply contrast those we are used to. However, through her interviews and day-to-day interaction Shostak paints us a picture that is so vivid and true, it is impossible to put her book down and still hold on to the same prejudices and geocentric attitudes we often carry with us. The most important responsibilities of a !Kung woman are caring for the children and providing food for the family. In an average day women will gather between fifteen and thirty pounds of vegetables. They carry the food and their children with them as they work. Like many tribes men hunt and women gather. However, Nisa also tells us women set traps for small animals as well, Id put the bulb in and leave it for the birds. Id check the traps later in the day. If the bird was caught, Id bring it home and my older brother would take the feathers off (91). Between the trapping gathering women contribute 60-80 percent of the food consumed (12). However, this does not lessen the importance of the mens job of hunting. Hunting skills are developed early on as a child, sometimes as early as toddler age. When they reach adolescence they begin to accompany the men on hunts, but are kept out of unnecessary danger. One th...

Writing Law School Personal Statements

Writing Law School Personal Statements Each year, more students apply to law school than to any other type of graduate university in the nation. Given this fact, there is no doubt that many of you could benefit from a brief tutorial on the specifics of writing a law school personal statement. This is why I would like to take a moment to offer some tips on writing effective and compelling admissions papers for law school. One characteristic to which law school admissions board members pay a great deal of attention is the writing ability of their applicants. This is why law school personal statements are so important. Law school personal statements serve two functions: they give admissions personnel a glimpse of the writers personality, as well as demonstrate his or her grasp of the written language. If and when you decide to begin working on your law school personal statement, I strongly advise you to approach it as you would a legal case. Since your interest is in the field of law, write your law school personal statement as you would an argument for someone in whose cause you believe. Take great care in making sure that your composition is well structured and your points of analysis are forceful and convincing. In the end, your law school personal statement should speak highly of you, so utilize all of your resources in order to deliver a quality composition. If you would like more information about law school personal statements or if you would like to know where you can find quality online editing services, please dont hesitate to contact me. I would love nothing more than to help you!

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Research Paper

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) - Research Paper Example When Congress identified the need to share information among the department involved in the homeland security mission, it created an act in 2002 (Randol, 2010). The act defined the relationship between the departments concerned. Critics observed that the mandate of the Department of Homeland Security could be susceptible to challenge if the congress did not constitute an act, which protected the operation of the department. The act passed by the Congress defined the framework of activities, which were relevant to the promotion of interest of the America people. The legality of the organization must have a backing from the constitution. This explains the move made by the Congress to initiate an act, which could support the mandate of the organization in full. DHS has developed various changes in activities that it discharges to the society from its inception to date. The inception of the DHS defined its mandate, which included being a member of the Intelligence Community. This mandate subjected the organization to liaison between other relevant organizations in fighting the menace of terror attacks. However, major adjustment has occurred in the organization, which includes the following. The establishment of Intelligence and Analysis department within the organization in 2003 led to the reorganization of duties performed by the organization. The mandate of the Intelligence and Analysis department was to fuse, coordinate, and analyze the information received by the organization (Randol, 2010). The idea that propelled the move was to create a common picture in the operation of the organization. The intelligence and Analysis department acted as a bridge between the Intelligence Community and the DHS. The ability of the firm to discharge its mandate effectively depended on common operation idea, which involved the support of the state, private sector and the local partners. The commonality in handling the information of the DHS was very crucial

Contribution of Education Law to Social Equality Essay

Contribution of Education Law to Social Equality - Essay Example from increasing the intelligence of people and imparting skills in people for a more productive country, education, and education law also aims at increasing the level of social equality in society. Social equality is seldom achieved by different countries, however, education law ensures to achieve equality in education, which might in return influence other spheres in a country. Nonetheless, social equality is a state whereby all the people in a society are entitled to equal allocation of resources, equal treatment, and opportunities. Social equality therefore, succeeds in removing any kind of barriers, which stand in the way of equality. These barriers might include factors of ethnicity, race, gender, economic status, and religion, which present some people with more opportunities than others. However, social equality should not be mistaken for socialism. While socialism advocates for people to have equal wealth, social equality encourages equal treatment for all people, as well as equal access to opportunities for everyone, despite their position in society (Ross 2009). According to Wilson (1975), education is an opportunity in society. Therefore, the education law in society should serve the purpose of ensuring justice and fair distribution of educational opportunities in society. If this is practiced, then the benefits in a country, which result from education, will be shared equally among all the citizens of a country. In cases where the education law of a country is biased and does not allow for the equal access of education for all its citizens, it is likely that there will not be social justice and social equality in such a country. This is because only a portion of the population will be entitled to the benefits of education, while locking out others (Wilson... The author of the paper declares that educational law is crucial in a country, as it determines whether there will be a considerably high level of social equality or not. Good education laws should adopt policies, which promote the equal access to education by all the children in the country, without any discrimination based on ethnicity, or gender, among other discriminatory forms. Education is an opportunity, which leads to future benefits of a person, with regard to personal development, and financial well-being. These two factors are among those that define a person’s social status. Therefore, if the law of education allows for equal access to education for all, this might help a country to achieve a high level of social equality in future. The paper makes a conclusion that the government funds education in the country, and various education Acts guide the education system in the UK. In an effort to promote social equality for all, the authorities in England expect every parent to take their children to schools, once they reach the rightful age for schooling. Failure to do this attracts a fine from parents. Therefore, while the local authorities are responsible for schools, parents are responsible for ensuring the attendance of their children. There is a uniform curriculum for all schools, therefore, equality is maintained, as this ensures there are no disparities in knowledge. The UK follows the United Nations tenets for human rights, therefore, considers everyone as having a right to education.

Communication in Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Communication in Economics - Essay Example And in the case of county, residents will only pay fund if they are, loyal to, or satisfied with the performance of county administration. In the case of small number of county’s residents, the county administration can have close contact with them. It can address to there problems carefully and can redress them if it thinks them legal. Due to better understanding between a resident and administration the chance of resident’s disloyalty and disappointment are reduced. Another advantage is that county administration can more easily deal with a problem than in the case of a large sized county. For example if a problem of water occurs in county, a small sized county can better deal with this problem due to its small size than a large county. Secondly, as the county’s population increases another question about providing amenities like water, security, gas etc. is also raised that is, will the county administration be able to provide these services to the residents in return of taxes e.g. property tax, paid by the residents. In this case if the size of county increases it will be very difficult for county administration to fairly administrate the system of taxation. 2. If the proposal is accepted then how county board will provide necessary services e.g. water etc., in return of taxes and funds paid by residents. As county already lacks sufficient water to support such a population increase. In this situation, how it would be possible for county board to raise sufficient funds for wanted projects. So according to my opinion it will not be adequate to permit the investors unless the county board becomes able to manage such a population change in a well-organized manner. Or on the other hand if county board still wants to permit investor for fund raising for their planned projects, then, at the least, board should permit investors to build only one housing development so that the county’s

Culture of American Indians Essay Example for Free

Culture of American Indians Essay In Against the Grain, environmental journalist Richard Manning (2004) argues that notions of class and property are a direct result of the emergence of agricultural civilizations beginning 10,000 years ago. This is because of the social necessities demanded by distribution and storage of surplus. Conversely, he points out the contrastingly egalitarian nature of the hunter-gatherer lifestyles and the deeper social ties which result from cooperative food acquisition. Consider for example, the Plains Indians of North America prior to the arrival of European settlers, who would utilize their knowledge of buffalo movement patterns to haze and herd them, towards a cliff. By diverting the stampede of a large number of animals to their sudden vertical death, they would obtain a caloric pay-off through minimal effort, but â€Å"required social organization and sharing, both of the labor and of the proceeds.† (Manning, 2004; South Dakota State Historical Society Education Kit, 2008) Yet despite this element of uncertainty in hunting and gathering, Richard Steckel notes that towards the end of the 19th century, the Plains Indians were among the tallest people in the world and argues despite the numerous technological and agricultural advances they did not have, they were surprisingly well-nourished compared to whites, indicating that agriculture should not be taken for granted as the sign of social advancement it is purported be, Manning notes that, in the absence of storage means and preservation technologies, it was impossible for the Plains Indians to hoard bison meat. Therefore wealth accumulation was impossible. As such, â€Å"communal feasting became the payoff for social organization,† argues Manning Agriculture on the hand, created social stratification in the form of governance, hierarchy and other institutions necessary for the management of food surplus. Although there is certain room for question to be made about the true egalitarianism of the hunter gatherer cultures of the Plains Indians, they certainly lacked some of the rigidly defined political structures which characterized those belonging to the cultures of Europeans at the point of first contact. Comanche leadership was rather informal, usually identifiable by consensus rather than by any formal nomination to the position and the longevity of a war chiefs authority lasted only as long as they were at war. (Bial, 2000) The Blackfoot people maintained a flexible social structure, a band, which was in constant flux. As such, social relationships were not determined solely by kinship but by residence. In modern times, the case for the difference between hunter-gatherer Native Americans such as the Plains Indians of pre-modern times and the agricultural Native Americans can be observed in the difference between the Inuit peoples, who live a predominantly hunter-gatherer lifestyle out in the Arctic regions (Snow, 1996) and the peoples of the Cherokee and Lakota. The Inuit are noted for their strong sense of community and flexible division of labor among gender lines. The Cherokee and the Lakota, however, have now long been agricultural societies characterized by their class and gender divisions, as well as their contentious disposition towards identity and blood quantum laws. REFERENCES Bial, R. (2000) Lifeways: The Comanche. New York: Benchmark Books. Manning, R. (2004) Against the Grain: How Agriculture Has Hijacked Civilization. New York: North Point Press. â€Å"Buffalo and the Plains Indians.† (2008, April 4) South Dakota State Historical Society Education Kit. Retrieved July 3, 2008 from: http://www.sdhistory.org/mus/ed/Buffalo%20Kit%20Activiteis/Teacher%20Resource.pdf Snow, D. R.. (1996) The first Americans and the differentiation of hunter-gatherer cultures. North America. Eds. Bruce G. Trigger and Wilcomb E. Washburn. Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Summary of Beowulf Attacks Grendels Mother :: Anglo Saxon English Literature Essays

Summary of Beowulf Attacks Grendel's Mother The epic story of Beowulf is about a young hero who fights in battles against the monster Grendel and his mother and later concerns Beowulf's final fight with a dragon. Beowulf is the prince of the Geats. He is also the son of Ecgtheow, who travels to Heorot where the great mead hall of Hrothgar king of the Danes, is located. Hrothgar, is the great grandson of Scyld Scefing. In this passage Beowulf goes underwater and fights with Grendel's mother in a cave. During his descent to her lair, Beowulf is attacked by Grendel's mother and dragged to her cave. He tries to hit her with his sword but he does not succeed in piercing her skin. In rage and frustration Beowulf attacks her with his bare hands. He manages to knock down Grendel's mother, however, she is swift and manages to fight back and ends up sitting on top of him. With her dagger she desperately tries to kill Beowulf, but his armor protects him from her attacks. Beowulf then spots a large sword made by giants on the wall of the cave and throws Grendel's mother off him and grabs the sword. The sword Beowulf finds is amazing. It has a very ornamented handle called a hilt and the blade is bigger than the average sword. Beowulf strikes Grendel's mother with the sword slicing her in two and splitting her collarbones. After the attack, a light illuminates the cave, "just as from the sky heaven's candle shines clear." (Norton 47) Beowulf notices Grendel's body and he instantaneously cuts off the monster's head to present it to Hrothgar. The blade of Beowulf's new sword then begins to melt because the blood is too hot and poisonous for it. Beowulf notices all the great treasures in the cave but he does not take any of them. He swims to shore with Grendel's head in one hand and holding the hilt with the other. He is then received by his fellow warriors who are waiting in hope to see Beowulf again. Four warriors carry Grendel's head to Heorot where the victory will be celebrated. The head is carried around as a trophy for all to view in the great mead hall of Hrothgar. Summary of Beowulf Attacks Grendel's Mother :: Anglo Saxon English Literature Essays Summary of Beowulf Attacks Grendel's Mother The epic story of Beowulf is about a young hero who fights in battles against the monster Grendel and his mother and later concerns Beowulf's final fight with a dragon. Beowulf is the prince of the Geats. He is also the son of Ecgtheow, who travels to Heorot where the great mead hall of Hrothgar king of the Danes, is located. Hrothgar, is the great grandson of Scyld Scefing. In this passage Beowulf goes underwater and fights with Grendel's mother in a cave. During his descent to her lair, Beowulf is attacked by Grendel's mother and dragged to her cave. He tries to hit her with his sword but he does not succeed in piercing her skin. In rage and frustration Beowulf attacks her with his bare hands. He manages to knock down Grendel's mother, however, she is swift and manages to fight back and ends up sitting on top of him. With her dagger she desperately tries to kill Beowulf, but his armor protects him from her attacks. Beowulf then spots a large sword made by giants on the wall of the cave and throws Grendel's mother off him and grabs the sword. The sword Beowulf finds is amazing. It has a very ornamented handle called a hilt and the blade is bigger than the average sword. Beowulf strikes Grendel's mother with the sword slicing her in two and splitting her collarbones. After the attack, a light illuminates the cave, "just as from the sky heaven's candle shines clear." (Norton 47) Beowulf notices Grendel's body and he instantaneously cuts off the monster's head to present it to Hrothgar. The blade of Beowulf's new sword then begins to melt because the blood is too hot and poisonous for it. Beowulf notices all the great treasures in the cave but he does not take any of them. He swims to shore with Grendel's head in one hand and holding the hilt with the other. He is then received by his fellow warriors who are waiting in hope to see Beowulf again. Four warriors carry Grendel's head to Heorot where the victory will be celebrated. The head is carried around as a trophy for all to view in the great mead hall of Hrothgar.

Information System Briefing Essay

Health care organizations are constantly striving to keep up with technological advances in order to provide the best quality patient care imaginable. Success depends on implementing an information system that is designed to meet the quality standards set for the health care industry. Implementing an information system can be a big challenge, which is why choosing an information system that will assist the organization in meeting their goals is important. Including stakeholder input is also vital to ensuring the correct system is chosen. This briefing will discuss the process of selecting and acquiring an information system, how the goals of the organization, and how the stakeholders affect the selection process. Selecting and Acquiring an Information System The process for selecting and acquiring an information system has many important steps. One of the first steps the health care organization needs to start is to find out what type of system they need. It is important that the organization chooses the system that best fits the organization. The organization needs to decide first if the system will be built in house, leased from an application service provider or an outside consultant. This will take lots of work and planning to get the system up, so that it will run smoothly for the operations. The organization needs to put together a team. This team will be in charge of the budgeting, planning, coordinating, and managing the process of the new system. The organization will need to have a project leader, information technology professional, system champion, and those who are in charge of clinical and administrative sections. Those that are chosen for the team should have knowledge and the understanding of the new system. The team needs to decide what goal is for the information system such as, what do they want to achieve, what are the goals, and that  everyone is committed to the project. Organization’s Goals Drive the Selection of the Information System According to Wager, Wickham Lee, & Glaser (2009) â€Å"Health care professionals need access to reliable, complete, and accurate information in order to provide effective and efficient health care services and to achieve the strategic goals of the organization.† The organization’s goals should be upheld in all aspects and at each step of the selection, acquisition, and implementation processes. The information system should not be selected until all options are evaluated by cost, benefit, and ample input from key stakeholders. The concept of formulating a strategy suggests that an organization needs to identify what activities and initiatives they will commit to in order to achieve their mission and goals. For example, an IT project committee may have the goal to combine clinical application systems. In order to succeed choices may need to be made between different options such as a single sign-on option, use of a clinical application suite, or use of a common database (Wager, Wickham Lee, & Glaser, 2009). Health information technology (HIT), if not implemented correctly can be disastrous to the organization. According to Doebbeling and Pekny, PhD (2008) â€Å"the probability of a successful HIT implementation is greatly increased by a well-characterized, deliberately designed host set of health care processes. Furthermore, expectations of HIT within a health care process must be realistic with respect to benefits and costs.† (p. 501). Organizations’ Stakeholders Play in the Selection and Acquisition Process Each of the stakeholders in an organization’s project has roles and expectations. Stakeholders should always participate in project steering committees and lend their skills and knowledge to new ventures. Commonly stakeholders wish to determine the actual and future value of the information system implementation project by way of project status reports and monitoring. Stakeholders can be identified as doctors, nurses, administrators, business managers, and CEO’s. Anyone who holds an interest in the success or failure of the organization could be considered to be a stakeholder. Patients are included as stakeholders as well. Especially since the patient is the source of the data to be entered into the information  system. Stakeholders are vital to the selection and acquisition processes. In closing of this briefing there has been shown a need to implement a new system. We also see a plan designed to not only implement a new system but also a designed plan to make sure that the system will be adequate for the expected development of this organization. Shown also in this briefing is how the growth of this organization is demanding a growth in the information technology that this organization will need to move forward into the future. The stakeholders’ influence is also covered in this briefing. Showing the benefit of our stakeholders and examples of these benefits gives proof that the move to a new system is beneficially for us all. That being said the belief is that a new system is necessary and needs to be implemented soon. Employees have the important part of implementing the changes that will take place. They are to try and show how using the new information system will benefit the organization, and possibly save money. Investors relay information between the other organizations. The community within which an organization operates shows support to the organization and allows the community to make their decisions, what they want to take place, and what they know about the new technology. References Wager, K. A., Wickham Lee, F., & Glaser, J. P. (2009). Health Care Information Systems: A Practical Approach for Health Care Management (2nd ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Doebbeling, B.N., & Pekny, PhD, J. (2008, April). The Role of Systems Factors in Implementing Health Information Technology. Journal of General Internal Medicine (JGIM), 23(4), 500.